METRO ADAPT and the Metropolitan Territorial Plan

How the climate change adaptation measures were developed in the PTM (Piano Territoriale Metropolitano - Metropolitan Territorial Plan) within the Metro ADAPT project.

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  What

  What is the PTM?

  The PTM is the overall territorial plan of the Metropolitan City of Milan.

  The Metropolitan Territorial Plan is a new planning tool that stems from the Provincial Territorial Coordination Plan, expanding its areas of involvement. The PTM introduces rules and measures for the entire territory concerned regarding the environment, landscape, infrastructure, services, settlement development, and territorial regeneration.

  The PTM legislation aims to make the area concerned more resilient to climate change through the general principles and objectives for implementing the plan. A special section of the plan is dedicated to environmental emergencies and policies for adapting to climate change.

  The regulatory section dedicated to environmental emergencies contains guidelines and instructions for municipal plans which are aimed at creating specific parameters and rules which aim to help the metropolitan area of Milan to adapt to climate change. At the municipal level, the plan will work to ensure that the various members of the PGT (Piano del Governo del Territorio - Territorial Government Plan) implement these guidelines and instructions, and that municipalities introduce criteria and rules oriented towards proactive urban planning in relation to climate change into their regulations and sector plans / programs (Green Plan, Urban Traffic Plan, Urban Mobility Plan, Regulations, etc.). This is because the Municipality is the local authority most responsible for this kind of planning, and they can adapt the plan to the appropriate scale.

  For projects that go beyond the scope of the municipality, the PTM intends to proceed, through specific agreements, in helping municipalities pool their resources (e.g., a share of the urbanization taxes of metropolitan and land use interventions in the broader municipal area, etc.), for use in this kind of planning as well as in the search for additional sources of funding from other entities (regional, national, and European co-financing).

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  How

  How does it work?

  The regulatory provisions of the PTM serve to guide, direct, coordinate, and prescribe. The provisions are divided into:

  G = Guidelines – These set the general guidelines for the development of urban planning within the Metropolitan City and can also be used as a reference for municipal and sector urban planning as relates to the broader geographic area (i.e., outside of the municipality).

  D = Direction – These provisions define goals for municipal and sector planning; the resulting measures can be modified when applied at the local scale in order to be compliant with the specific characteristics of the various geographic areas concerned.

  Di = Directives – These provisions focus on coordination, and are to be implemented and developed on a wider municipal scale. They must be observed by the receiving body during the elaboration and implementation of the relevant planning and programming tools.

  P = Prescriptions – Provisions which - due to higher-level regulations - prevail over municipal and sector planning tools, and must be implemented in a timely manner.

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  Procedure

  Procedure

  The PTM of the Metropolitan City of Milan was approved by the Metropolitan Council during their meeting held on 11 May 2021, with Resolution No. 16/2021 and has been in force since 6 October 2021 with the publication of the final approval notice in the Official Bulletin of the Lombardy Region - Announcements and Competitions Series n. 40

  The PTM of the Metropolitan City of Milan was adopted by the Metropolitan Council during the session held on 29 July 2020, with Resolution No. 14/2020 and published in the Official Bulletin of the Lombardy Region under the Notices and Invitation to Tender section No. 36 on 2 September 2020.

  The Guidelines for the drafting of the PTM were unanimously approved by the Metropolitan Council in September 2018. These were sent to all Municipalities and published on the Metropolitan City’s website.

  The preparation of the Metropolitan Territorial Plan (PTM) began in July 2017.

  At the same time, the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) procedure - integrated with the Impact Assessment (VIncA) - was launched, which identified the competent and proceeding authorities. The subjects, authorities, and related third parties with competence in environmental issues have been identified.

  The adopted PTM can be viewed and downloaded from the Territorial Planning Sector on the Metropolitan City of Milan’s website.

  See here the complete iter

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  Principles of the PTM

  The PTM introduces general principles and objectives that are in line with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and with the national commitment to sustainable development. The PTM also contains an innovative section dedicated specifically to managing environmental emergencies, with a sub-section reserved to climate change that includes rules that strengthen resilience measures included in local planning tools.

  The first principle of the PTM focuses on the protection of non-renewable resources (soil, water, air, fossil fuels) and is structured as follows:

  1. preserve nonrenewable resources for future generations in order to guarantee their well-being and an adequate flow of ecosystem services;
  2. invariance of non-renewable resources, balancing new consumption with equivalent energy saving measures;
  3. use of renewable resources wherever technically feasible alternatives exist;
  4. limit and mitigate pressures on the environment and on the territory and compensate for the unavoidable effects of modifications;
  5. mitigate and compensate for the additional load on environmental and territorial components prior to the implementation of settlement forecasts;
  6. prioritize the restoration of abandoned, under-used, or neglected areas and promote measures aimed at urban and territorial regeneration;
  7. make the geographical area concerned more resilient to climate change-related events.
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  Principles for the protection of non-renewable resources (soil, water, air, fossil fuels):

  1. preserve nonrenewable resources for future generations in order to guarantee their well-being and an adequate flow of ecosystem services;
  2. invariance of non-renewable resources, balancing new consumption with equivalent energy saving measures;
  3. use of renewable resources wherever technically feasible alternatives exist;
  4. limit and mitigate pressures on the environment and on the territory and compensate for the unavoidable effects of modifications;
  5. mitigate and compensate for the additional load on environmental and territorial components prior to the implementation of settlement forecasts;
  6. prioritize the restoration of abandoned, under-used, or neglected areas and promote measures aimed at urban and territorial regeneration;
  7. make the geographical area concerned more resilient to climate change-related events by implementing the green metropolitan network project
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  Principles of territorial equity:

  1. guarantee equal access, across the entire territory, to mobility, to information and communication technology networks, and to the possibility to overcome marginalization;
  2. equitable distribution among the municipalities of the benefits and effects of spatial transformation measures of supra-municipal significance;
  3. adequately provide personal services and business support according to the needs of the various geographic areas;
  4. new transportation services must be equally and broadly distributed in order to avoid further congestion of the central city;
  5. the various forms of commerce - i.e., large and medium-sized sales structures, individual and network neighborhood businesses - must coexist in a balanced manner across the geographic area concerned.
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  Principles inherent to the landscape and the environment:

  1. protect landscape assets and specific landscapes that have been identified by regional regulations, based on their value within the area concerned;
  2. recognize and enhance the various elements which constitute the urban, natural and agricultural landscapes that characterize the identity of the metropolitan territory, and recovering degraded landscapes;
  3. strengthen the metropolitan ecological network and increase the amount of wooded and agricultural areas;
  4. protect agricultural land and farms.
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  Implement and manage the plan, specifically as relates to the simplifying procedures, digitizing documents, and supporting municipalities and inter-municipal initiatives:

  1. provide technical support for coordinated action between municipalities and municipalities working in association with each other;
  2. create simplified procedures for making changes to the plan when these changes affect marginal or geographically limited aspects;
  3. updates to the PTM must be immediately and easily readable and constantly updated and available on the website of the institution;
  4. refer, when necessary, to the higher-level norms without duplicating the texts pertinent to these norms;
  5. locally available public and private resources must be used in the implementation of the objectives and measures defined in the PTM;
  6. the PTM must be able to be integrated within the projects carried out by the municipalities to the best of their capability, based on local needs and the input of institutions and other actors in the relevant area.

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  Objectives of the PTM

  The PTM introduces general principles and objectives that are in line with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and with the national commitment to sustainable development.

  The PTM also contains an innovative section dedicated specifically to the governance of environmental emergencies, with a specific section reserved for climate change that includes rules that strengthen resilience measures in local planning tools.

  The first objective of the PTM concerns the protection of non-renewable resources (soil, water, air, fossil fuels) and also specifically includes measures that improve resilience to climate change. Moreover, the first general objective of the PTM is to make sure that the measures outlined in the plan are in line with the content and timing of international environmental agreements.

  Objective No. 7 is dedicated to the creation of a Metropolitan Green Network, which aims to mitigate atmospheric events and the effects of heat islands, and to contain CO₂.

  Objective No. 8 aims to strengthen the tools for managing the water cycle, develop municipal urban planning provisions to protect the amount and quality of drinking water, guarantee that aquifers are replenished, and restore the irrigation network (including the parts that have gone unused) for landscaping, ecological purposes, and as a reservoir for flood lamination.

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  Goal No. 1

  Make sure that the measures outlined in plan adhere to the contents and timing of international agreements concerning the environment.

  Contribute, within the limits of the Metropolitan City's responsibility, to achieving the objectives of the European, national, and regional agendas on environmental sustainability and climate change. Identify and deal with emergency environmental situations - which cannot be solved by individual municipalities - specifically concerning the effects of heat islands, measures to ensure hydraulic invariance, and projects related to the green network and the ecological network. Assess new settlement interventions keeping the following in mind: the burden on various environmental systems, hydraulic and hydrological invariance, the reduction of harmful and climate-altering emissions, and the consumption of drinking water, energy, and soil. Enhance the ecosystem services potentially present in the soil resource.

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  Goal No. 2

  Improving the compatibility between the environment, the landscape, and the modifications to be made thereto.

  Make sure that choice of location for the settlement structure ensures the protection and enhancement of the landscape and takes into account possible environmental emergencies. The choice of location of the settlement structure must also be such that it guarantees current and potential soil protection and agricultural activity. Encourage the creation of compact settlement areas, avoid constructing neighboring settlements too close to one another, and avoid urban sprawl along major roads. Redevelop the urban fringe in order to achieve a more balanced relationship between rural/agricultural and urbanized spaces. Map out the neglected areas and foresee the necessary restoration measures.

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  Goal No. 3

  Improve public mobility services and make sure that they are in line with the settlement structure.

  CPrioritize the suburban railway network in metropolitan mobility plans: services should be enhanced and suburban railways should be connected with other forms of public transit, including shared parking lots and accessibility for bikes and pedestrians. Ensure that the entire metropolitan area has equal access to the rail network and organize stops on the transport network for this purpose.
  Plan new the dimensions of new settlements taking into account the capacity of the mobility network.

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  Goal No. 4

  Prioritize settlement interventions on abandoned areas and consolidated urban settings.

  Define how to restore abandoned areas and identify where to start renovation processes of strategic importance to the wider metropolitan area. Prioritize settlement interventions in abandoned and already urbanized areas. Support municipalities in finding the necessary resources for urban regeneration processes.

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  Goal No. 5

  Promote the polycentric organization of the metropolitan territory.

  Develop criteria for evaluating and identifying areas suitable for creating settlements and services in the wider metropolitan area. Distribute regional services among the most popular urban centers in order to encourage the decongestion of the city center. Coordinate the supply of regional services with neighboring counties, their capitals, and the main urban areas in the wider regional metropolitan system.

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  Goal No. 6

  Strengthen the ecological network.

  Promote the enhancement of biodiversity and the creation of systemic conservation measures. Promote the reversal of progressive biological impoverishment and the safeguarding of undeveloped areas, which are fundamental for the creating a green network and ecological corridors. Economically enhance the ecosystem-related services connected with the metropolitan ecological network.

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  Goal No. 7

  Develop a metropolitan green network.

  Start the design of a functional green network to restore rural, natural and wooded landscapes. This network should serve to safeguard and strengthen surface hydrography, biodiversity, encourage urban forestation, help contain urban sprawl, help redefine urban margins, mitigate atmospheric events and of the effects of heat islands. The green network should also aid in CO2 containment and landscape recovery of densely populated and neglected areas. Preserve and strengthen the connections between the green network in rural areas and urban green making the former more accessible through bicycle and pedestrian paths.

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  Goal No. 8

  Strengthen the tools for managing the water cycle.

  Help municipalities choose suitable territorial and design solutions based on the local geomorphological layout, in order to achieve the hydraulic invariance objectives laid out in the regional regulations on the subject. Create instructions for municipal planning aimed at protecting the quality and the quantity of drinking water, guarantee that aquifers are replenished, and restore the irrigation network (including the parts that have gone unused) for landscaping, ecological purposes, and as a reservoir for flood lamination. Apply the indications in the Po River Hydrogeological Asset Plan (Piano per l’Assetto Idrogeologico – PAI) and the Flood Risk Management Plan (Piano di Gestione del Rischio Alluvioni - PGRA) on a broader scale.

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  Goal No. 9

  Protect and diversify agricultural production.

  Create the conditions necessary to maintain the functionality of local farms, which will also act as a barrier to further urban expansion and help safeguard the balance between agricultural and urban areas.

  In line with European agricultural policies, favor agricultural multifunctionality and the expansion of ecosystem services that can be provided by farms. These services help improve the overall landscape, increase resilience to climate change and biodiversity, protect water quality, maintain bicycle paths, and preserve the use of agricultural land.

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  Goal No. 10

  Strengthen the tools for the implementation and management of the plan.

  Provide technical support to the municipalities for urban planning projects, prioritizing the municipalities that decide to work in association with each other on these projects. Define simplified procedures for changing and updating the plan’s documents when the changes do not affect general principles and objectives. Ensure ample participation of stakeholders in decisions on territorial matters, both during the preparation and the implementation phase of the PTM.

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  Standards Adopted

  Standards Adopted

  This the first time in Italy that a large area territorial plan (i.e., the PTM of the Metropolitan City of Milan) includes a section dedicated to environmental emergencies in its legislation. This section deals with the protection of non-renewable resources and resilience to climate change. It contains guidelines and directives aimed at inserting specific parameters and rules in municipal plans in order to promote sustainable development.

  Through planning and territorial governance policies aimed at reducing the impact of climate change and impeding the progression of climate change in the medium and long term, the PTM has chosen to integrate mitigation and adaptation measures in order to create a unilateral response to climate change that is able to counteract both the causes and effects thereof. This approach was chosen by the PTM because it has strategic value and it diversifies the various levels of management, involves a plurality of actors, and involves different sectors.

  Download document: Standards Adopted

  Title 1 – Protecting non-renewable natural resources

  • article 16 Criteria and limits of sustainability

    1. (G = Guidelines) The PTM, in order to promote sustainable development and strengthen the resilience of the territory concerned, protects non-renewable natural resources and, more generally, the environmental matrices of ecosystem services (i.e., the common good of the metropolitan community). In particular, as relates to the characteristics of the metropolitan area of Milan, the PTM regulates energy consumption from non-renewable resources, drinking water consumption, soil consumption, and pollution. The landscape, natural and semi-natural ecosystems are also included in the resources protected by the PTM, whose protection guidelines are listed in Part III Title III of this regulation.

    2. (G = Guidelines) The PTM scales the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals - and other international agreements on the environment - to the metropolitan level, in line with national and regional regulations on the subject.

    3. (Di = Directive) In relation to objective no. 1 referred to in article 2, paragraph 2, and to the provisions in paragraph 1, the PTM is aimed at the invariance of the consumption of non-renewable resources and directs municipal and sector planning to this end. The municipalities that utilize the planning tools must also provide a document that evaluates the balance of environmental resources and illustrates how to achieve the objective of invariance. Only small settlement interventions - with no significant effects on environmental matrices and the landscape - are excluded from the invariance criterion, as specified in the following articles of Part II.

    4. (Di = Directive) In order to protect natural resources, the tools and measures of municipal and sector planning are developed taking into consideration objective no. 1 and the principles referred to in article 2, letter a.

    5. (D = Direction) The PTM aims to achieve a level and amount of ecosystem services adequate to the needs expressed by local communities and to maintain adequate levels of biodiversity in every part of the metropolitan area.

    6. (G = Guidelines) The Metropolitan Building Regulations contain instructions for municipalities aimed at strengthening resilience and minimizing the consumption of non-renewable resources. The scope of these instructions is broader than those listed in the articles in Part II of this document.

  • art. 17 Containment of energy consumption and emissions

    1. (Di = Directive) In application of the principle of invariance of the consumption of non-renewable resources referred to in article 16, the municipalities, according to the indications of the Territorial Thematic Strategy for Sustainability referred to in paragraph 7 of art. 7bis, prepare specific forecast budgets that estimate energy consumption from non-renewable sources and emissions into the atmosphere (for the following pollutants: NOx, Particulate PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), in cases where the PGT or implementation plans and projects include settlement forecasts intended for residence, services, tertiary and trade, with a gross surface area (SL) expressed in square meters> 5 x number of inhabitants in the municipality, or alternatively, exclusively for new expansions, SL> 10,000 square meters.
       For industrial and artisanal production functions, the current national and regional regulations on energy saving and atmospheric emissions apply.

    2. (Di = Directive) The balance sheets of consumption and emissions refer to current regulations and the best technologies available at the time of approval of the PGT. The consideration in the financial statements of forecasts of margins for improvement resulting from future technological developments that can be estimated within the validity period of the plan is not allowed. The municipality may request the technical support of the Metropolitan City in order to formulate the consumption and emissions balance, to be drawn up with reference to the criteria for drawing up the territorial diffusivity balance referred to in paragraph 5 of art. 10.

    3. (D = Direction) The balances of the loads induced on energy consumption from non-renewable sources and on emissions into the atmosphere can be referred in aggregate to the whole territory of at least three municipalities that develop in associated form the PGT or the Action Plan for Sustainable Energy and Climate (SECAP) over the 2030 horizon. The equalization and compensation mechanisms referred to in Article 11 can also be applied to this end to redistribute benefits and impacts in an inter-municipal context.

    4. (Di = Directive) The forecast budgets referred to in paragraph 1 illustrate the measures to be introduced in the PGT to eliminate the increase in energy consumption from non-renewable sources and the increase in atmospheric emissions resulting from the greater pressure introduced with the new settlement forecasts. The measures may concern the technological improvement of the existing building stock, the reorganization of the building fabric in the consolidated city, greater efficiency of the networks and mobility systems, the functional and behavioral reorganization of urban functions, and any other modality and strategy useful for the of the balance sheet zeroing. With particular reference to the new and existing building stock, the financial statements referred to in paragraph 1 contain in-depth information on:

       1. data on energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes, and monitoring methods;
       2. critical issues with existing buildings caused by structural and functional obsolescence;
       3. problems created by the morphology and layout of settlements;
       4. opportunities for cogeneration using existing waste or waste water treatment plants, or expanding existing cogeneration and district heating plants;
       5. guidelines for the PGT that aim to improve the urban fabric’s resilience to climate change (also in reference to article 23);
       6. guidelines for the PGT or specific regulations that aim to gradually redevelop and update building and plants, making them no longer obsolete.

    5. (Di = Directive) The implementation of settlement forecasts must be simultaneous with the modifications that compensate for the increase in energy consumption from non-renewable sources and emissions.

  Titolo 2 – Land consumption and territorial regeneration

  • art. 18 implementation of the land use reduction objectives of the Regional Territorial Plan (PTR)

    1. (Di = Directive) The principle of invariance referred to in article 2, paragraph 1, point a2, on land consumption is followed by applying the objectives and criteria relating to territorial regeneration and land consumption contained in the addendum to the PTR pursuant to Regional Law No. 31/2014 on a broader scale. In particular, the Regional Territorial Plan (Piano Territoriale Regionale – PTR) assigns a minimum threshold for the reduction of land consumption in 2020 to the PTM of the Metropolitan City. This threshold concerns the entire territory and stipulates a reduction between 25% and 30% for residential areas and 20% for the other areas, per the unimplemented settlement provisions in the PGT at the date of publication of the Regional Law No. 31/2014 (2 December 2014). It also assigns a minimum 45% reduction threshold for residential areas before 2025. The soil consumption reduction threshold is based on title 2.1, paragraph 7 ("Criteria for implementing the soil consumption reduction policy"), of the integration of the PTR pursuant to Regional Law No. 31/2014 and subsequent amendments thereto.

       The PTM sets these thresholds for individual municipalities according to the criteria listed in paragraph 3 and illustrated in the relevant scheme. The method used to set the reduction threshold for each municipality, as well as the metropolitan average reference values, is illustrated in greater detail in chapter 3.2 of the General Report. The municipality calculates the reduction threshold by following the steps provided in this article and using the data on the PTM available on the Metropolitan City’s website, or by using its own data if the latter is different from that provided by the Metropolitan City. During the compatibility investigation, the results of the calculations done by the municipality are verified and used by the metropolitan city.

    2. (D i= Directive) The minimum reduction threshold for 2020 assigned to the Metropolitan City by the Regional Territorial Plan is articulated by the PTM, based on the following principles:

       1. the municipalities in the PGT (which went into effect on 2 December 2014, the same day Regional Law No. 31/2014 went into effect) that present more contained residual settlement forecasts, i.e. 2 percentage points lower, compared to the average value for the metropolitan area (as specified in the General Report general in paragraph 3.2.2) are exempted from complying with the reduction threshold set by the PTR, and are therefore not required to follow the provisions in paragraph 3--below;
       2. for all the other municipalities in the metropolitan city, starting from a basic reduction - calculated in terms of land area - of -20% for all types of areas, a specific reduction threshold for each municipality is assigned using the method described in paragraph 3. These thresholds are based on the following differential criteria: urbanization index, net useful land index, unimplemented (residual) settlement forecasts, geographic areas included in regional parks, central urban functions, or interchange points.
       3. the Metropolitan City should aim for an overall reduction of 30% for residential areas - i.e., 5% more compared to the minimum target of 25% assigned by the Regional Territorial Plan for 2020. This leeway is used during the implementation phase for the benefit of those municipalities that, during the evaluation of the compatibility of the Territorial Government Plan, are shown to have additional needs at the local level or are undergoing broader interventions or are of public or general interest.

    3. (Di = Directive) The value of the basic level of reduction is referred to in paragraph 2, letter b. This level increases or decreases for each municipality based on the following criteria:

       1. for municipalities for whom the preceding paragraph 2, letter a., does not pertain, when the urbanization index exceeds 60%, expressed as the ratio between urbanized area and overall municipal area, or the net useful land index is less than 30%, the municipality must respect the reduction threshold of 40% in all cases and does not have to take into account the subsequent steps described in points b, c, and d;
       2. qwhen neither of the two conditions referred to in paragraph 2, letter a., and paragraph 3, letter a., apply the basic reduction threshold of 20% is increased or decreased based on the algebraic sum resulting from the cumulative application of the following differential criteria:
          1. If over 60% of the municipality’s surface area is part of a regional or national park, it gets a 30% reduction;
          2. 30% reduction for municipalities that include major urban or transportation centers. The reduction is counted only once in the presence of the relevant parties representing all the types of areas;
          3. 30% reduction for municipalities that have an annual growth rate in the number of businesses greater than 1%;
          4. 30% increase for municipalities with an urbanization index that is 10 percentage points higher than the average value for the metropolitan area;
          5. increase of 30% for municipalities that have a ratio between residual settlement forecasts (transformation areas of the Plan) and urbanized surface that is 4 percentage points higher than the average value for the metropolitan area;
       3. after the steps referred to in letter b. it must be verified that the resulting settlement forecast (transformation areas of the Plan) does not exceed 20% of the urbanized surface. If the forecasts are exceeded, they must be reduced in order to bring them back down within 20%.
       4. The percentages of reduction and increase, the average values for the metropolitan area, and the reference values for the criteria referred to in this paragraph are updated annually based on land consumption data resulting from the implementation or revision of the Territorial Government Plan.
       

       Steps for determining the municipal goal of land consumption reduction- scenario for 2020

    4. (D = Direction)After 12 months from the approval of the PTM, the objectives of the 2025 regional scenario of an overall reduction of 45% for the residential function and 20% for the other functions, take over from the objectives of the regional scenario for 2020, and to this end the Municipalities adopt the following reference parameters for the guiding and differential criteria referred to in paragraph 3, until the update referred to in paragraph 5 below occurs and in any case following any new indications of the PTR on the reduction objectives following the outcome of the first monitoring:

       1. for the guiding criterion referred to in letter a., the reduction threshold is 60%;
       2. for the differential criterion referred to in letter b3., the reduction threshold is increased by 50%, instead of 30%;
       3. for the differential criterion referred to in letter b4., the reduction threshold is increased by 50%; instead of 30%;
       4. for the guiding criterion referred to in letter c., the residue must be within 10%, instead of 20%

       The reference parameters for the other criteria in paragraph 3 remain unchanged.

    5. (G = Guidelines) Following the approval of the changes to the Territorial Government Plan (made to adapt to the Regional Law No. 31/2014) and, in any case, within 5 years of the approval of the PTM, the Metropolitan City must redefine and make reduction thresholds clear, based on the objectives of the Regional Territorial Plan--which is valid until 2025. The amendment will be approved with the simplified variation procedure referred to in article 5, paragraph 3 if the same differential criteria and guiding criteria used in the previous paragraph are used. Otherwise, the modification will be subject to the ordinary variation referred to in article 5, paragraph 2.

    6. (G = Guidelines) In order to achieve minimum reduction thresholds defined in the previous paragraphs, a municipality may transfer, entirely or partially, the portion envisaged for residential areas and for other purposes, or vice versa. To this end, the reduction thresholds - in terms of territorial surface - are not affected by the established function.

    7. (Di = Directive) In addition to the thresholds defined in the previous paragraphs, the reduction of land consumption is subject to compliance with the quality criteria referred to in chapter 3 of the "Criteria for implementing the policy to reduce land consumption" paper, which is an addendum to the PTR pursuant to Regional Law No. 31/2014. These criteria are adapted for the Metropolitan City in Parts II and III of this legislation.

    8. (P = Prescription) The municipalities must draw up, according to the contents provided for in chapter 4 of the draft of the PTR mentioned in paragraph 6, a Land Consumption Charter - which must necessarily be approved, pursuant to article 10, paragraph 1, letter e-bis of Regional Law No. 12/2005 and subsequent amendments thereto - to create measures to modify both public and private buildings that are intended for residential use or businesses use that involve, even if only partially, new land consumption.

    9. (D = Direction) Most neighboring municipalities may - within the framework of the Territorial Government Plan, its associated documents, or through a specific agreement - exchange part of the land use reduction thresholds, provided that the municipalities as a whole meet the minimum reduction thresholds assigned to each municipality by the PTM. To this end, the agreement includes the balancing of part of the urbanization measures and the exceptional measures referred to in article 16, paragraph 4, letter d-ter of Presidential Decree No. 380/2001 deriving from exchanged reduction share as a result of relevant modifications.

    10. (D = Direction) he municipalities that implement a reduction in land consumption in the Territorial Government Plan that is twice the objective assigned by the PTM, or that have a percentage area to be modified by the plan that is less than 1% of the urbanized area, get funding priority under article 11, paragraph 8.

    11. In line with article 2, paragraph 3 of the LR 31/2014, where the needs demonstrated by the Municipalities cannot be satisfied by urban regeneration or following the application of the soil consumption reduction threshold, it is still permitted to satisfaction on agricultural or natural surface, with the limits defined in chapter 2.2.3 of the "Criteria for implementing the policy of reducing land consumption" of the integration of the PTR pursuant to LR 31/2014.

  • art. 19 Territorial and urban regeneration>

    1. (Di = Directive) The Plan Document of the PGT, as a result of participatory procedures and an overall recognition of the municipal territory, identifies the historical fabrics or in a condition of marginalization or urban, social, environmental degradation and the areas in which to start urban and territorial regeneration processes, pursuant to article 8, paragraph 2, letter e quinquies of Regional Law 12/2005 and subsequent amendments. It defines the strategies, the objectives of a territorial, environmental and social matrix, the incentive, simplification and accompanying measures, the implementation methods and the mitigation measures for regeneration interventions also in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5.1 of the report "Criteria for 'implementation of the soil consumption reduction policy ”of the integration of the PTR pursuant to Regional Law 31/2014, also with reference to the documents made available by the Metropolitan City referred to in paragraph 3.

    2. (P = Prescription) The Regulation of the Territorial Government Plan identifies the areas in the Land Consumption Charter to be renovated, as provided for in points 4.1 and 5.1 of the PTR report referred to in the previous paragraph.
       This map also identifies the areas of renewal and the surfaces subject to urban recovery or regeneration projects, pursuant to article, 10 paragraph 1, letter e-bis of Regional Law No. 12/2005.

    3. (G = Guidelines) The Metropolitan City develops and continuously updates the metropolitan mapping of regeneration projects and the list of best practices that municipalities can refer to in order to prioritize local regeneration measures. This list also includes the best practices that the Region, in collaboration with the Metropolitan City, identifies for the purposes referred to in article 8-bis, paragraph 2, of Regional Law No. 12/2005 and subsequent amendments thereto. The Metropolitan Building Regulations define guidelines on regeneration measures.

    4. (D = Direction) The regeneration interventions are of supra-municipal significance when the affected area or the effects of the intervention extend to the territory of several municipalities. The interventions that, falling at least in part within the perimeter of the "Territorial regeneration planning area" referred to in table 05 D4 of the integration of the PTR pursuant to Regional Law 31/2014, are of metropolitan importance, generate effects that affect more homogeneous areas or on different ATOs or on aspects essential for the functioning of the metropolitan system or for the regional and supraregional significance of the metropolitan city.

    5. (D = Direction) The territorial regeneration modifications that are recognized as having not exclusively municipal value can, at the request of the municipality, access a specific technical assistance program organized by the Metropolitan City, aimed at promoting and defining steps for implementation and searching for funding from European, national and, regional calls to tender. Collaboration initiatives between citizens and the metropolitan city that are not exclusively municipal (as defined and regulated by the "Metropolitan Regulations for the care, regeneration and shared management of common goods" approved by a Council Resolution No. 25 on 29 May 2019) can also access the aforementioned program.

    6. (D = Direction) (D = Direction) The territorial regeneration measures recognized as having metropolitan significance fall within the "regeneration areas of strategic interest" and must be carried out in reference to the "Regeneration table" referred to in point 5.3 of the "Criteria for the implementation of the soil consumption reduction policy" report in the addendum to the Regional Territorial Plan pursuant to Regional Law No. 31/2014, for the purposes defined in point 5.1 and in line with the territorial and socio-economic objectives referred to in point 5.2 of the same report.

    7. (D = Direction) In disused, underused, abandoned or degraded areas, for which redevelopment interventions are not feasible, due to localization, accessibility or dimensional criticalities, de-waterproofing and re-naturalization interventions can be implemented in order to generate ecosystem services. The interventions that can be promoted as a priority due to the criticalities detected in the different territorial contexts or homogeneous areas, also according to the indications of the Metropolitan Thematic-Territorial Strategy for sustainability, environmental emergencies and territorial regeneration, referred to in Article 7bis, are: construction of the ecological network or the metropolitan green network, works to favor the lamination of rainwater contributing to the objectives of hydraulic invariance of the existing building fabric, mitigation of the effects of heat islands. For the interventions referred to in this paragraph, the PGT may provide for the translation of the urban volumes present, or part of them, to other areas of regeneration or to areas subject to implementation planning, possibly to be located also in other municipalities through agreements in which it participates. also the metropolitan city.

    8. (D = Direction) The interventions referred to in paragraphs 4, 5, 6 and 7 fall within those listed in paragraph 6 of article 11. The measures can be funded based on territorial equalization measures.

  • art. 20 Recovery of abandoned areas

    1. (Di = Directive) The recovery of abandoned areas is subject to the verification of the compromised environmental matrices and the environmental characterization investigations provided for by Title V of Legislative Decree 152/2006 and subsequent amendments. The implementation of the recovery project is conditioned by the verification of the load induced on traffic, on the capacity of the existing infrastructural network, as indicated in Article 9, paragraph 6, and by the simultaneous implementation of the interventions for the adaptation of territorial equipment and the network.

    2. (Di = Directive) The new functions envisaged for abandoned areas must be appropriate for the urban or territorial context and contribute to enhancing it according to the following guidelines, based on which the Territorial Government Plans develop specific operational provisions on a broader scale:

       1. increase the amount of permeable surfaces, according to the indications of article 21, paragraph 5, and create green or, in any case, permeable surfaces that interrupt the continuity of the paved surfaces of parking lots and vehicle maneuvering areas;
       2. comply with the provisions on hydraulic invariance referred to in Regional Regulation No. 7/2017 and subsequent amendments thereto, and give priority, where technically feasible, to retention works that use natural design solutions integrated with the green network and the ecological network;
       3. implement dual-type solutions for water collection and provide for the reuse of accumulated rainwater for broader functions;
       4. favor multifunctional measures, with public and green spaces organically connected with urban and the overall territory;
       5. adopt the energy containment measures provided for by regional regulations and give priority to the use of solar and photovoltaic panels on large flat roofs;
       6. adopt design solutions that contribute to the containment of heat islands;
       7. develop protected cycling and pedestrian routes connected and integrated with the city network, for the connection with schools, public transport stops, shopping areas, and other services of general interest;
       8. restore buildings and industrial artifacts of historical and architectural interest.

    3. (Di = Directive) The municipalities in the PGT assign priority, also using appropriate incentive forms, to the recovery of abandoned areas located near the intermodal public transport stops, in coordination with the guidance for urbans spaces for mobility (luoghi urbani per la mobilità - LUM) referred to in Article 35.

    4. (G = Guidelines) Table 2 of the PTM reports the transformation measures on built-up areas (larger than 100,000 square meters) present in the Territorial Government Plan that have not yet been implemented and are to be evaluated as a priority for the location of settlements of regional importance. The function of these settlements is to be defined as is appropriate for the urban and territorial context. The list of areas represented in the table is updated upon notification by the municipalities during the compatibility assessment referred to in article 8.

  Titolo 3 – Climate Change

  • art. 21 Hydraulic invariance

    1. (D = Direction) The PTM is aimed at adaptation to climate change through the promotion of the correct and sustainable management of rainwater. To this end, the municipalities must apply the principles of hydraulic and hydrological invariance as well as sustainable urban drainage, pursuant to article 58-bis of Regional Law No. 12/2005, to all modifications made to buildings, roads and parking lots, which involve a reduction in soil permeability with respect to the pre-existing condition before the urbanization. Building regulations are to be modified for this purpose, based on the indications of the Regional Regulation No. 7/2017 and subsequent amendments thereto.

    2. (D = Direction) Table 7 and chapter 4.3.2 of the PTM report provide, based on the main geographical and anthropogenic factors, indications for the Territorial Government Plans on the drainage solutions to be adopted among the different types of percolation systems, reservoirs, and removal methods. The Territorial Government Plan must apply sustainable drainage solutions to a more detailed scale, taking into account the indications in the General Report of the PTM, which are classified according to landscape characteristics, land use, and the underlying waterbed.
       Whenever technically feasible, the Territorial Government Plan also finds additional functions for the sustainable drainage solutions in order to contribute to the implementation of the ecological network, the green network, and the mitigation of the effects of heat islands.

    3. (D = Direction) The Metropolitan City, in collaboration with the Area Office of the Metropolitan City of Milan (and its Territorial Authority - ATO), should develop and update the database of the minor water network starting from the data provided by the various municipalities. In addition, reconnaissance on the unused sections of this network should be carried out. Through specific planning of the works, the water network is restored in the disused or interrupted sections and is strengthened in order to increase the reservoir volumes for the lamination of rainwater in order to solve the criticalities highlighted in the municipal hydraulic risk management study, of which in article 14 of the rr 7/2017 and subsequent amendments and not for the application of the invariance by the individual new transformations. The restoration and enhancement actions must, where applicable, contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the green network and the metropolitan ecological network. The costs for the collection and management of data, for the studies and for the interventions provided for in the work program are financed with the proceeds from the collection of tariffs for the supply of drinking water.

    4. (D = Direction) As part of the Metropolitan City Area Plan, in support of the responsibilities of the municipalities, municipal wastewater collection systems should be separated into two separate systems: one for sewer water and contaminated water and one for rainwater.

    5. (Di = Directive) The restoration of unused production or commercial areas must guarantee a quantity of permeable surface at least equal to the currently existing one. This process must also, where necessary, de-waterproof paved surfaces and replace them with green spaces and with solutions aimed at improving environmental quality also with reference to the illustrative paper of the PTM "Abacus of Nature Based Solutions (NBS)".

    6. (Di = Directive) In modifications on non-urbanized areas, the maintenance of an adequate permeable surface must be guaranteed, of which the predominant part must be carried out using green systems, while the remainder must be made by applying techniques and materials that ensure high permeability.

    7. (D = Direction) The Simplified Municipal Hydraulic Risk Document as well as the Municipal Hydraulic Risk Management Study, referred to in Article 14 of the r.r. 7/2017 and subsequent amendments identify drainage solutions with reference to the entire municipal area, necessary to secure the existing built-up area and, where necessary, also the agricultural area. Solutions of supra-municipal significance or affecting large or critical areas of a municipal area can be proposed to the Metropolitan City to be included among the interventions, referred to in Article 11 paragraph 5, recipients of the proceeds deriving from instruments for territorial equalization. The interventions of supra-municipal significance can also be financed, in whole or in part, with the proceeds from the collection of tariffs for the supply of drinking water.

    8. (D = Direction) Any criteria for the allocation of equalization resources, including through the funds referred to in Article 11, paragraph 5, also take into account the following priorities:

       1. proposals submitted by groups of municipalities as defined by the Metropolitan City Area Plan;
       2. drainage solutions that benefit multiple municipalities;
       3. sustainable drainage solutions, based on green measures that also perform ecological and landscape functions.

  • art. 22 Containment of drinking water consumption

    1. (Di = Directive) In application of the principle of invariance of non-renewable resources referred to in paragraph 3 of article 16, the municipalities in the Territorial Government Plan must prepare a specific balance sheet on drinking water consumption by estimating the additional burden created by residential settlement forecasts and illustrating the measures to be adopted that would reduce drinking water consumption per capita by at least 10% compared to the daily average recorded in the year preceding the date of adoption of the amendment to the Territorial Government Plan.

    2. (Di = Directive)The financial statements referred to in paragraph 1 contain in-depth information on:

       1. data on water consumption, distinguishing between drinking water and water for other uses;
       2. critical issues in the distribution network and planned development measures;
       3. indications for the Territorial Government Plan for the introduction or strengthening of dual networks, rainwater storage tanks, rainwater collection systems, and water reuse for services and production activities, plants for the geothermal use of groundwater;
       4. replacement of drinking water with rainwater in secondary uses, in both existing and planned buildings as well as in private open spaces and in public spaces.

    3. (Di = Directive) For non-residential areas, the best available technologies and the most advanced production cycles must be applied in order to reduce drinking water consumption per capita, providing in all cases where it is technically feasible to replace drinking water with rainwater for secondary uses.

    4. (Di = Directive) The implementation of the new settlement, residential and other forecasts must be done simultaneously with the implementation of measures to reduce drinking water consumption per capita according to the objective referred to in paragraph 1.

    5. (D = Direction) The objective referred to in paragraph 1 may refer to the associated Territorial Government Plans of at least three municipalities, also by applying the territorial equalization measures referred to in article 11 to distribute benefits and impacts to an inter-municipal context.

  • art. 23 Climate and heat islands

    1. (D = Directive) The Territorial Government Plan defines measures to increase resilience to the effects of heat islands in areas where the nighttime temperature anomaly referred to in table 8 is 3 °C higher than the level of reference. To this end, the Territorial Government Plan takes into account a study that defines the mitigation measures and adaptation strategies to be applied to keep this anomaly below 3 °C, and to minimize the effects of climate change.
       These measures and strategies are listed below and are integrated in the documents of the Territorial Government Plan and the Municipal Building Regulations:

       1. creation of green ventilation corridors to promote air circulation and nighttime temperature exchange with cooler areas in the countryside;
       2. adoption of materials with higher albedo in pavements and in building walls, at the same time avoiding or limiting asphalt pavements as much as possible;/li>
       3. shielding a larger percentage of building surfaces and paved areas from direct radiation by using rows of trees, especially on fully paved streets with buildings on either side or areas with particularly tall buildings and wide roads;
       4. designing streets that have a smaller ratio between the height of the buildings and the width of the roads;
       5. using green roofs and walls or high reflectance cool roofs;
       6. using permeable flooring, where technically feasible, especially in large parking lots;
       7. de-waterproofing modifications in abandoned, underused or unused areas.

    2. (Di = Directive) In the same areas referred to in paragraph 1, the Territorial Government Plan and the Municipal Building Regulations adopt specific mitigation measures and adaptation strategies to increase resilience to daytime thermal anomalies, with reference to the following types:

       1. creating shaded areas in public spaces, by creating green areas with rows of trees and porticos;
       2. creating natural ventilation using the differences in temperature differences between neighboring areas;
       3. adopting materials with higher albedo in pavements and in building walls, at the same time avoiding or limiting asphalt pavements as much as possible;
       4. installing fountains and moving water surfaces.

    3. (D = Direction)With reference to tables 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, relating to the Metropolitan Green Network, the municipalities can submit proposals to the Metropolitan City for the creation of green ventilation corridors or large green systems which, if recognized as having regional importance, fall within the modifications, referred to in article 11, paragraph 6, that can receive funding from measures for territorial equalization.

    4. (D = Direction) The Metropolitan City collects, through the invitation letter referred to in article 11 paragraph 8, the proposals referred to in paragraph 3 above and ranks the financing or co-financing priority levels based on evaluation criteria which assign priorities:

       1. to the creation of the green network or the metropolitan ecological network;
       2. to the public enjoyment of the landscape and agricultural land;
       3. to the connection between green urban areas and agricultural land;
       4. to replenishing/expanding woods and forests.

• 

  Metropolitan Green Network

  Metropolitan Green Network (Rete Verde Metropolitana - RVM)

  A Metropolitan Green Network project was developed in the PTM as a general strategy for adaptation to climate change, with a particular focus on the management of rainwater and mitigation of heat islands and as a support for non-urbanized areas.

  The Metropolitan Green Network project is based on the intrinsic characteristics of the different metropolitan landscapes, on their structure and function, dividing the entire territory into Environmental Landscape Units (Unità Paesaggistiche Ambientali - UPA) defined on the basis of overlying analyzes and summary evaluations.

  Specific planning priorities are then defined for each UPA. The project priorities are divided into measures to be implemented, prioritizing Nature based solutions that are selected based on the various territorial characteristics.

  Table 5.1 - Metropolitan green network - managerial schemes

  Table 5.2 - Metropolitan green network - overview

  Table 5.3 - Metropolitan green network - planning priorities

• 

  Nature Based Solutions

  NBS (Nature Based Solutions)

  The term Nature-based solutions (NBS) refers to the management and sustainable use of natural resources to address socio-environmental challenges such as climate change, water risk, water pollution, food safety, human health and environmental disaster risk management.

  The chart relating to the Nature Based Solutions (NBS) used in the PTM helps users to choose the best NBS for the specific needs of the Environmental Landscape Units that have been identified in the creation of the Metropolitan Green Network.

  This tool allows users to easily and efficiently distribute the most suitable NBS for each Environmental Landscape Unit to address the specific vulnerabilities of each of these units, in line with the landscape and environmental characteristics of the units themselves.

  The chart, in addition to indicating which NBS is the most suitable, illustrates - through design schemes - guidelines and, best practices for implementing planning strategies (using NBS) for the construction of the Green Network of Milan (RVM) in each Environmental Landscape Unit.

  The chart collects and organizes a selection of measures, guidelines and best practices taken from the most recent manuals, guidelines and bibliographies - including the Chart developed for the Metro Adapt project. The chart also takes into consideration cases both inside and outside of Italy in order to demonstrate, using a variety of examples that are currently being consolidated, how to design and implement NBS for the construction of a Metropolitan Green Network.
  

  The Metro Adapt project explores some of the NBS presented in the PTM in the section relating to the Metropolitan Green Network project.

  Water Management

  The purposeful use of green spaces/plants in or on buildings

  Green spaces in urban areas

  The complete chart of the NBS used for the RVM project can be found on the section of the Metropolitan City of Milan’s website dedicated to the PTM